1大常用來導入內(nèi)容的句型

1.表示原因

1) There arethree reasons for this.

2) The reasonsfor this areas follows.

3) The reasonfor this isthat...

4) We havegood reasonto believe that...

例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

2.表示好處

1) It has the following advantages.

2) It does usa lot of good.

3) It benefits us quite a lot.

4) It is beneficialto us.

5) It is of great benefitto us.

例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

3.表示壞處

1)It has more disadvantages thanadvantages.

2)It does us much harm.

3)It is harmful tous.

例如：However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1)It isimportant(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth.

2) We think itnecessary to do sth.

3)It playsan important rolein our life.

例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business. Soon， computers will be found in every home，too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

5.表示措施

1) We should takesome effective measures.

2) We should try our besttoovercome(conquer)the difficulties.

3) We should doour utmost in doing sth.

4) We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.

例如：Thehousing problemthat we are confronted with is becomingmore and more serious. Therefore，wemust takesome effective measures tosolve it.

6.表示變化

1) Some changes have taken placein the past five years.

2) A greatchange willcertainlybe producedin the world’s communications.

3) The computerhas brought aboutmany changesin education.

例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasonsfor these changes are not farto seek. Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

7.表示事實、現(xiàn)狀

1) We cannot ignore thefactthat...

2) No one can deny the fact that...

3) There is no denying thefact that...

4) This is aphenomenon that many people are interested in.

5)However，that’s not the case.

例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

8.表示比較

1)ComparedwithA，B...

2) I prefer toread rather thanwatch TV.

3) Ipreferreadingrather thanwatchingTV.

4) There is a striking contrastbetween them.

例如：Compared withcars，bicycles haveseveral advantagesbesides beingaffordable. Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

9.表示數(shù)量

1) It has increased(decreased) from...to...

2) Thepopulationin this cityhasnow increased(decreased)to800，000.

3) The output of July in this factoryincreased by 15%compared with that of January.

例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportionof people’s income spent on food has decreasedwhile that spent on education has increased.

再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

10.表示看法

1) People have(take)different attitudes towardssth.

2) Peoplehave different opinions onthis problem.

3) People takedifferentviews of(on)the question.

4) Some people believe that...Othersargue that...

例如：People havedifferent attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failurethey experience translates intoa greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

11.表示結論

1)In short，it can be said that ...

2) It may be briefly summed up as follows.

3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ...

例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved.

2

10大寫作時的常見錯誤

1

名詞

寫作中，學生們常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。

1. He gave me avery good advice yesterday.

句中的a要去掉，因為advice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時在其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。

2. That girl loves reading book.

可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺蛿?shù)。此處較好變?yōu)閎ooks.

3. He went into a book’s shopand bought a dictionary.

一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop.

4. My familyiswatching TV.

一些集合名詞如看成一個整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語動詞，如My family is a happy one; 如強調(diào)集合中每個個體的個人行為，則用復數(shù)的謂語動詞。此處看電視是個體行為，應把is改為are。類似的詞有：team, class, audience等。

5.This has nothing to do with theirbelieves.(這和他們的信仰沒關系。)

以f, fe 結尾的詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)。所以應把believes改為beliefs.

2

冠詞

6. The boss wants to hire an useful person.

用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個音標，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。useful的第一個音是輔音所以應把an改為a。類似的，我們說a European country.

7.Planeis a machine that can fly.

Plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨放在句中，應在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，變?yōu)锳 plane。

8.He played a pianoat the party yesterday.

把a 改為the ，因為樂器前用定冠詞。

9.The machine was invented in 1920s.

在in后加the，因為表示年代用in加the再加幾十的復數(shù)，如在八十年代in the 80s。

10.Xiao Hong went to school by the busevery day.

去掉the，因為表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。

3

代詞

使用代詞時請注意其單、復數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。

11.He is one of those speakers who make hisideas perfectly clear.

定語從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應為復數(shù)，應把his改為their。

12. Whomdo you think has left the lights on?

放在疑問句特殊疑問詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們?nèi)サ艉?，疑問詞在句中做主語用主格，做賓語用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語，應把Whom改為Who。

13.The boss pretended not to see John andI.

John和I在句中都做的賓語，應把I 改為me。

14.These books are mine; those in the bag are her.

Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。

4

介詞

15.There are fourteenhundredsstudents in our school.

Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時后不加s，前面沒有具體數(shù)字時在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students(兩百個學生)，hundreds of students(成百上千個學生)。例句中應把hundreds 改為hundred。

16.Their school is twice as larger as our school.

表倍數(shù)關系的as---as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級。因此把larger改為large.

17.Today’s homework is a five-hundred-wordscomposition.

幾個單詞由連字符連接而組成的復合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word.

18.Two thirdof the students in our school are from America.

英語表達中分數(shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds.

5

形容詞和副詞

形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級和較高級也是應注意的重點。

19.The patient appeared nervouslywhen he talked to the doctor.

appear在此是個系動詞，其后應接形容詞作表語。所以把nervously改為nervous.

20.The artist worked hardlyto finish his drawings on time.

此句需要一個副詞來修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把 hardly 改為hard.

21.This shirt is morecheaper than that one.

More只構成比較級，而不能修飾比較級。因此把more去掉。

22.He works lessharderthan he used to.

表不如… 時用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級，因此把harder改為hard.

23.The book is fairly more interesting than that one.

fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，可以修飾比較級的副詞或短語有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改為rather.

24.This is as an interesting a storyas the one in the magazine.

as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應改為as interesting a story as the one.

25.The weather here is nicer than Xizang.

同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應改為The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.

26.I would rather take a train thanwentby bus.

這個詞組為would rather do … than do …，因此把went改為go.

27.Is thereinteresting anythingat the meeting?

修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。

28.I never haveseen such a person before.

像never之類的副詞在句中應放在be動詞、助動詞之后，實意動詞之前。因為應改為I have never seen such a person before.

29.The book is worth to be read.

be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為The book is worth reading.

30.It is surethat he will succeed.

sure 的主語只能為人，而certain的主語可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain.

31.He is regarded as one of the bestalivewriters at present.

alive 為表語形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語。因此把alive改為living，或把alive 放在writers后面。

32.I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.

yet 用于否定和疑問句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already.

33.He said nearly nothing at the meeting.

nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost.

6

介詞

34.He usually goes to schoolby his father’s car.

by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等;如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in.

35.Please wait meat the school gate.

wait為不及物動詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語。

36.He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.

marry不跟 with連用，應把with改為to。

37.I finished the work on time under the helpof him.

“在…的幫助下”用with而不用under。

7

情態(tài)動詞

38.He canbe at home now because the light in his room is still on.

表特別有把握的肯定判斷時用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時用can, can表判斷時只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。

39.He need comehere before the meeting begins.

作情態(tài)動詞時need用在否定，疑問和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實意動詞時則可以。所以應改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.

40.I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.

由于情態(tài)動詞本身不體現(xiàn)時態(tài)，所以在談論過去的事情時在情態(tài)動詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。

41.Youhadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.

had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.

8

動詞的時態(tài)

英語的常用時態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時間狀語來確定時態(tài)。

42.I will tell her about that when she will cometomorrow.

主句為將來時，其時間、條件、方式和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時。因此將will come改為comes。

43.The meeting is about tobegin in ten minutes.

be about to 一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。

44.The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looking at the captain and then died.

此處look并非伴隨狀語，而是三個并列的謂語動詞，因此把looking 改為looked。

45.I have boughtthis bike for ten years and I am still using it now.

當句中有for加一段時間作狀語時，謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞，此處把bought改為kept。

46.I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.

我來這兒已經(jīng)是過去的動作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應該用過去完成時。因此應把haven’t改為hadn’t

9

動詞的語態(tài)

及物動詞用在主動語態(tài)時要有賓語，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài);不及物動詞用于主動語態(tài)時不能接賓語，因此無被動語態(tài)。

47.The two thieves have been disappeared.

disappear 為不及物動詞，因此不能用于被動語態(tài)。所以把 been去掉。

48.The buildingbuiltnow will be our teaching building.

表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應用被動語態(tài)的正在進行時，因此在built 前加being。

49.He is being operatedby the famous doctor.

主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應注意短語動詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給…做手術”應為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。

50.I wonder if the doctor has been sent.

原因同上，應在sent 后加上for。

51.The book written by him is soldwell.

說一本書暢銷是指書本身的屬性，因此不用被動語態(tài)。本句應改為：The book written by him sells well.

52.This history book is worthy reading.

“值得被做”可以有如下幾種說法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應該為：This history book is worthy to be read.

10

非謂語動詞

53.We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.

此處為分詞作定語，問題應該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。

54.The girl dressedherselfin red is my sister.

dress為及物動詞，意為“給…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語修飾girl, girl應是它的邏輯賓語，因此把herself去掉。

55.Being seriously ill,his class-mates sent him to hospital.

分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語為這句話的主語，此句應為“因為他病了，他的同學才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill.

56.Having not seenher for many years, we could hardly recognize her.

現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應改為：Not having seen her for many years.

57.I will get somebodyrepairthe recorder for you.

“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。

58.She decided to work harder in order to notfall behind the others.

不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.

59.It’s better to laughthan crying.

表比較時比較的雙方應為同種結構，或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.

60.When the teacher came in, he stopped listeningto the teacher.

stop doing 為停止做這件事，而stop to do 為停下來正在做的事去做這件事。所以后半句應該為：he stopped to listen to the teacher.